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1971922/06/2016

Could you give me the most accurate translation for these names of Allaah: [al alaa] [al akram] [al ilaah] [al awwal]

Question: 246163

Could you give me the most accurate translation for these names of Allaah: [al alaa] [al akram] [al ilaah] [al awwal]

Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah and his family.

al-A‘laa, al-Akram, al-Ilaah and al-Awwal are among the
beautiful names of Allah. 

Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the
meaning):

“Glorify the
Name of your Lord, the Most High [al-A‘laa]”

[al-A‘laa 87:1]

“Read! And
your Lord is the Most Generous [al-Akram]”

[al-‘Alaq 96:3]

“For Allah is
(the only) One Ilaah (God)”

[an-Nisa’ 4:171]

“He is the
First [al-Awwal](nothing is before Him) and the Last (nothing is after Him),
the Most High (nothing is above Him) and the Most Near (nothing is nearer
than Him). And He is the All‑Knower of every thing”

[al-Hadeed 57:3]. 

Al-A‘laa (the Most High) is the One Who is the most exalted
in all aspects: exalted in His Essence, exalted in His attributes, exalted
in the sense of prevailing and controlling. 

Being exalted in His Essence means that He, may He be
glorified, is far above all of creation in His Essence; He is above His
Throne, above all that He has created. 

Being exalted in His attributes means that to Him belong all
perfect attributes, and He is far above all shortcomings. 

Being exalted in the sense of prevailing and controlling
means that He has prevailed over and subdued all things, and everything has
submitted to His control. 

Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 

The Muslims are unanimously agreed that Allah, may He be
glorified, is Exalted, Most High, and the Quran speaks of that. Allah, may
He be glorified and exalted, is the only One Who is Most High in all
aspects, because His Highness is an attribute of praise. So we affirm that
Allah, may He be exalted, is Most High in His Essence, Most High in His
attributes, and Most High in the sense of prevailing and controlling. End
quote. 

Ijtimaa‘ al-Juyoosh al-Islamiyyah
(2/182) 

As-Sa‘di (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 

Al-‘Aliy, al-A‘laa (the Exalted, the Most High) is the One
Who is most sublime and exalted in all aspects, in Essence, in esteem and
attributes, and in terms of prevailing over all others. 

He is the One Who rose over the Throne and is the ultimate
Sovereign; He is the One who possesses all attributes of greatness, pride,
majesty, beauty and all other perfect attributes, and His attributes are the
most perfect. End quote. 

Tafseer as-Sa‘di
(p. 946) 

Al-Akram (the Most Generous) is the One Who is very generous
and very kind to His creation. 

Al-Khattaabi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 

He is the most generous of the most generous and no generous
one could ever match or equal His generosity. End quote. 

Al-Asma’ wa’s-Sifaat
by al-Bayhaqi (1/148) 

Abu Hayyaan (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 

Al-Akram (the Most Generous) is a description that is
indicative of emphatic generosity, for His generosity surpasses all
generosity; He bestows innumerable blessings, shows forbearance to the
sinner, accepts repentance and pardons bad deeds. End quote. 

Al-Bahr al-Muheet
(10/507) 

Generosity is not just the matter of giving. Rather the word
al-karam, translated here as generosity, means good; Allah is al-Akram
(translated above as the Most Generous), which means that He is the best and
most perfect in His attributes. 

As-Sa‘di (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 

The name al-Akram may refer to one who has numerous
attributes in the most perfect manner, whose generosity and kindness are
abundant, and whose munificence encompasses all things. End quote.

Tafseer as-Sa‘di
(p. 930) 

Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him)
said:

With regard to the words (interpretation of the meaning),

“Read! In the Name of your Lord, Who has created (all that
exists),

Has created man from a clot (a piece of thick coagulated
blood),

Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous [al-Akram]”

[al-‘Alaq 96:1-3], 

Allah describes Himself as being generous after stating that
He created man, so as to show that He is generous to His creation, and that
He helps them to attain praiseworthy goals and aims. 

The word al-karam is a comprehensive term that includes all
good and praiseworthy characteristics. It does not mean only giving; rather
giving is its ultimate meaning, because kindness to others is the ultimate
good characteristic. Therefore al-karam is an abundance of goodness and
availability thereof… 

Anything good and praiseworthy may be described as karam.
Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning):

“Do they not
observe the earth, how much of every good kind [min
kulli zawjin kareem] We cause to grow therein?”

[ash-Shu‘ara’ 26:7]. 

Ibn Qutaybah said: This means: of every good type (of
plants). Az-Zajjaaj said: Zawj (translated here as kind) means type, and
kareem means praiseworthy (or good). Others said that “min kulli zawj” means
of every type or kind, and “kareem” means good, of plants that are eaten by
humans and livestock. It may be said in Arabic “nakhlah kareemah” to
refer to a palm tree that bears good fruit, and “naaqah kareemah” to
refer to a she-camel that produces a lot of milk. 

Allah, may He be glorified, tells us that He is al-Akram (the
Most Generous), in the superlative form of the word, using the definite
article, which indicates that He alone is the Most Generous. This is unlike
if He had said “wa Rabbuka akram (and your Lord is most generous –
without the definite article al-), which would not be indicative of
exclusivity. 

The word al-Akram (with the definite article) is indicative
of exclusivity. And He did not say “more generous than…”; rather He left it
open, to highlight that He is the Most Generous of all, without any
restriction. This indicates that His is the ultimate generosity, unsurpassed
by anything else, and subject to no shortcomings. 

Ibn ‘Atiyyah said: Then Allah, may He be exalted, says to him
(interpretation of the meaning): “Read!
And your Lord is the Most Generous [al-Akram]”
[al-‘Alaq 96:1-3], by
way of consoling and comforting the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be
upon him). It is as if He is saying: Carry on with what you are commanded to
do, for your Lord is not like other lords; rather He is the Most Generous,
Whose generosity will never fall short, so He will support you and cause you
to prevail. 

I say: Some of the early generations said: No one should give
a gift for the sake of Allah that he would feel embarrassed to give to
someone who is dear to him, for Allah is the Most Generous of all those who
are generous. That is, He is the One who deserves honour (ikraam)
more than anyone else, for He is more generous and more honourable than
anything. He, may He be glorified, is majestic and munificent (dhu’l-jalaali
wa’l-ikraam), so He deserves to be venerated and honoured. Veneration
implies glorifying and honouring implies praise and love. End quote. 

Majmoo‘ al-Fataawa
(16/293-296) 

Al-Ilaah (God) means the One Who is loved and worshipped, Who
alone deserves to be acknowledged as divine and worshipped. The idols are
only called aalihah (gods) because the mushrikeen worship them
besides Allah and claim that they are deserving of that. The name of Allah
is derived from the word al-ilaah (lit. “the God”). Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allah
have mercy on him) said: 

Al-Ilaah is the One Who possesses all attributes of
perfection and majesty. This name includes all the divine names. Hence the
correct view is that the root of the name Allah is al-Ilaah, as is the view
of Seebawayh and the majority of his companions, except very few of them,
and that the name of Allah, may He be exalted, encompasses all the meanings
of the beautiful names and sublime attributes of Allah. End quote. 

Badaa’i‘ al-Fawaa’id
(2/249). 

Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 

The word “Allah” is a proper noun referring to the Lord, may
He be glorified and exalted. Its root is the word al-Ilaah (“the God”), but
the word is contracted to make it easier to pronounce, because it is
repeated so frequently. The word ilaah refers to the one who is
loved, and the one who is loved is the one who is worshipped out of love and
veneration. End quote. 

Ash-Sharh al-Mumti‘
(3/56) 

Al-Awwal (the First) is the One before Whom there is nothing.

This is a name which indicates that Allah alone possesses
absolute perfection, that He encompasses all time (and is above time), and
that everything other than Him is something that came into being after not
being. 

Muslim narrated in his Saheeh (2713) from Abu Hurayrah
(may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (blessings and
peace of Allah be upon him) used to say:

“Allaahumma Rabb al-samawaati wa’l-ard
wa Rabb al-‘arsh il-‘azeem, Rabbaanaa wa Rabba kulli shay’in, Faaliq al-habb
wa’l-nawa wa munzil al-Tawraati wa’l-Injeeli wa’l-Furqaan, a’oodhu bika min
sharri kulli shay’in anta aakhidhun bi naasiyatihi. Allaahumma anta al-awwal
fa laysa qablaka shay’un, wa anta al-aakhir fa laysa ba’daka shay’un, wa
anta al-zaahir fa laysa fawqaka shay’un wa anta al-baatin fa laysa doonaka
shay’un. Iqdi ‘annaa al-dayna wa aghninaa min al-faqri (O Allaah, Lord
of the seven heavens and the exalted Throne, our Lord and Lord of all
things, splitter of the seed and the date-stone, Revealer of the Tawraat and
the Injeel and the Furqaan [Qur’aan], I seek refuge in You from the evil of
all things You shall seize by the forelock [have total mastery over]. O
Allaah, You are the First so there is nothing before You, and You are the
Last so there is nothing after You. You are al-Zaahir [the greatest and
highest] so there is nothing above You, and You are al-Baatin [aware of the
subtlest secrets] so there is nothing closer than You. Settle our debt for
us and spare us from poverty).”

Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 

Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the
meaning):

“He is the
First [al-Awwal](nothing is before Him) and the Last (nothing is after Him),
the Most High (nothing is above Him) and the Most Near (nothing is nearer
than Him)”

[al-Hadeed 57:3]. 

Al-Awwal (the First) means that there is nothing before Him,
because if there were anything before Him, Allah would be something created,
but He, may He be glorified and exalted, is the Creator. Hence the Prophet
(blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) explained the name al-Awwal as
meaning the One before Whom there was nothing; all that exists came after
Allah, may He be glorified and exalted; there is nothing with Allah and
nothing before Allah. End quote.

Liqa’ al-Baab al-Maftooh
(208/4) 

And Allah knows best.

Source

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